Language Arts
Grade 8: Reading
Overall Expectations
•read a variety of fiction and non-fiction materials (e.g., novels, short stories, poetry, essays, articles) for different purposes;
•read aloud, showing understanding of the material and awareness of the audience;
•read independently, selecting appropriate reading strategies;
•explain their interpretation of a written work, supporting it with evidence from the work and from their own knowledge and experience;
•decide on a specific purpose for reading, and select the material that they need from a variety of appropriate sources;
•understand the vocabulary and language structures appropriate for this grade level;
•use conventions of written materials to help them understand and use the materials. 
Specific Expectations
Reasoning and Critical Thinking
•explain how the various elements in a story function in relation to each other;
•identify the main ideas in information materials, explain how the details support the main ideas, and question and evaluate the ideas in the material;
•make judgements and draw conclusions about ideas in written materials on the basis of evidence;
•clarify and broaden their own points of view by examining the ideas of others;
•select appropriate reading strategies (e.g., skim text for specific information; scan text to determine the purpose of the text or the type of material; monitor their own comprehension);
•plan a research project and carry out the research;
Understanding of Form and Style
•identify various forms of writing and describe their key features (e.g., novels, short stories, poetry, plays, scripts, essays);
•use their knowledge of the characteristics of different forms of writing to help them select appropriate materials for a specific purpose;
•identify some stylistic devices used in literary works (e.g., metaphor, simile, personification) and explain their use;
Knowledge of Language Structures
•use their knowledge of the elements of grammar and the structure of words and sentences to understand what they read;
Vocabulary Building 
•use a variety of strategies to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words (e.g., use word-analysis techniques; use knowledge of word origins and derivations; consult dictionaries);
•use a thesaurus to expand their vocabulary;
•use the special terminology in a particular area of study, as necessary.
Use of Conventions 
•use punctuation to help them understand written material (e.g., dashes);
•use a variety of conventions of formal texts to locate information they need (e.g., footnotes, endnotes, lists).
 Expectations: Copyright The Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1998.  With thanks to B.Phillips, 1998.
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